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2021
Andrade, Eduardo Chumbinho; Girardi, Eduardo Augusto; Stuchi, Eduardo Sanches; Moreira, Alecio Souza; Freitas-Astua, Juliana; Fancelli, Marilene; Silva, Suely Xavier Brito; Laranjeira, Francisco Ferraz
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) and the Brazilian Efforts to Overcome the Disease Journal Article
Em: Outlooks on Pest Management, vol. 32, iss. 5, pp. 189-194, 2021, ISSN: 17431034.
Resumo | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CITRUS GREENING, CONTROL, DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, epidemiology, VECTORS
@article{nokey,
title = {Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) and the Brazilian Efforts to Overcome the Disease},
author = {Eduardo Chumbinho Andrade and Eduardo Augusto Girardi and Eduardo Sanches Stuchi and Alecio Souza Moreira and Juliana Freitas-Astua and Marilene Fancelli and Suely Xavier Brito Silva and Francisco Ferraz Laranjeira},
doi = {10.1564/V32_OCT_02},
issn = {17431034},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Outlooks on Pest Management},
volume = {32},
issue = {5},
pages = {189-194},
publisher = {Research Information},
abstract = {Recorded in Brazil since 2004, Huanglongbing (HLB), or simply Greening, is the most impacting disease in citrus production worldwide. It induces qualitative and quantitative losses in production, but also can be lethal to the infected citrus plant. The disease is caused by phloem-limited bacteria with three identified species, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), Ca. L. africanus (CLaf), and Ca. L. americanus (CLam). CLas and CLam are reported in Brazil, being vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri. HLB-infected citrus exhibit blotchy mottling with green islands on leaves, and small and lopsided fruits. As the infection progresses, excessive fruit drop and dead branches are frequently observed, shortening the trees' lifespan and reducing fruit yield and quality. HLB occurrence is restricted to the States of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná, which corresponds to more than 85% of citrus production in Brazil. Although citrus production is concentrated in these states, commercial citrus groves are present in 85% of the microregions of Brazil, reinforcing the economic and social importance of citrus for the country. Thus, in addition to the economic damage already caused to the national citrus industry, the spread of HLB to other regions of Brazil represents a great risk to the economic and food security of these non-affected regions. For this reason, the management of HLB is supported by legislative force, both at the federal and state levels. In 2008, based on scientific knowledge at the time, the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture published a Normative Instruction 53 (IN53) which established criteria related to HLB surveillance and control, imposing the obligation to carry out periodic phytosanitary inspections, eradication of symptomatic hosts and planting HLB-free nursery trees. The implementation of IN53 has already resulted in the eradication of 55.5 million HLB-infected citrus plants in the State of São Paulo alone in the period from 2007 to 2019. In May 2021, IN53 was revoked and Portaria 317 was published. This new policy establishes the National Programme for HLB Prevention and Control. It addresses the problem according to the HLB status in each State, with or without the disease, and sets the general guidelines for local control actions. In view of the economic importance and complexity of this pathosystem, the disease has required concerted mobilization of the research community and inter-institutional cooperation, which has been working intensively to understand all the components directly and indirectly involved with the pathosystem. Also, a major cooperation effort is needed to gather all the information to develop and/or improve technologies and cultural practices to fight the disease better and reduce its impacts as much as possible. Here we present some of these efforts which are being carried out to develop short, medium and long term solutions for HLB control and management in areas of occurrence, as well as for surveillance and risk mitigation in non-affected areas.},
keywords = {CITRUS GREENING, CONTROL, DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, epidemiology, VECTORS},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Recorded in Brazil since 2004, Huanglongbing (HLB), or simply Greening, is the most impacting disease in citrus production worldwide. It induces qualitative and quantitative losses in production, but also can be lethal to the infected citrus plant. The disease is caused by phloem-limited bacteria with three identified species, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), Ca. L. africanus (CLaf), and Ca. L. americanus (CLam). CLas and CLam are reported in Brazil, being vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri. HLB-infected citrus exhibit blotchy mottling with green islands on leaves, and small and lopsided fruits. As the infection progresses, excessive fruit drop and dead branches are frequently observed, shortening the trees' lifespan and reducing fruit yield and quality. HLB occurrence is restricted to the States of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná, which corresponds to more than 85% of citrus production in Brazil. Although citrus production is concentrated in these states, commercial citrus groves are present in 85% of the microregions of Brazil, reinforcing the economic and social importance of citrus for the country. Thus, in addition to the economic damage already caused to the national citrus industry, the spread of HLB to other regions of Brazil represents a great risk to the economic and food security of these non-affected regions. For this reason, the management of HLB is supported by legislative force, both at the federal and state levels. In 2008, based on scientific knowledge at the time, the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture published a Normative Instruction 53 (IN53) which established criteria related to HLB surveillance and control, imposing the obligation to carry out periodic phytosanitary inspections, eradication of symptomatic hosts and planting HLB-free nursery trees. The implementation of IN53 has already resulted in the eradication of 55.5 million HLB-infected citrus plants in the State of São Paulo alone in the period from 2007 to 2019. In May 2021, IN53 was revoked and Portaria 317 was published. This new policy establishes the National Programme for HLB Prevention and Control. It addresses the problem according to the HLB status in each State, with or without the disease, and sets the general guidelines for local control actions. In view of the economic importance and complexity of this pathosystem, the disease has required concerted mobilization of the research community and inter-institutional cooperation, which has been working intensively to understand all the components directly and indirectly involved with the pathosystem. Also, a major cooperation effort is needed to gather all the information to develop and/or improve technologies and cultural practices to fight the disease better and reduce its impacts as much as possible. Here we present some of these efforts which are being carried out to develop short, medium and long term solutions for HLB control and management in areas of occurrence, as well as for surveillance and risk mitigation in non-affected areas.
Andrade, Eduardo Chumbinho; Girardi, Eduardo Augusto; Stuchi, Eduardo Sanches; Moreira, Alecio Souza; Freitas-Astua, Juliana; Fancelli, Marilene; Silva, Suely Xavier Brito; Laranjeira, Francisco Ferraz
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) and the Brazilian Efforts to Overcome the Disease Journal Article
Em: Outlooks on Pest Management, vol. 32, iss. 5, pp. 189-194, 2021, ISSN: 17431034.
Resumo | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CITRUS GREENING, CONTROL, DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, epidemiology, VECTORS
@article{nokey,
title = {Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) and the Brazilian Efforts to Overcome the Disease},
author = {Eduardo Chumbinho Andrade and Eduardo Augusto Girardi and Eduardo Sanches Stuchi and Alecio Souza Moreira and Juliana Freitas-Astua and Marilene Fancelli and Suely Xavier Brito Silva and Francisco Ferraz Laranjeira},
doi = {10.1564/V32_OCT_02},
issn = {17431034},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Outlooks on Pest Management},
volume = {32},
issue = {5},
pages = {189-194},
publisher = {Research Information},
abstract = {Recorded in Brazil since 2004, Huanglongbing (HLB), or simply Greening, is the most impacting disease in citrus production worldwide. It induces qualitative and quantitative losses in production, but also can be lethal to the infected citrus plant. The disease is caused by phloem-limited bacteria with three identified species, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), Ca. L. africanus (CLaf), and Ca. L. americanus (CLam). CLas and CLam are reported in Brazil, being vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri. HLB-infected citrus exhibit blotchy mottling with green islands on leaves, and small and lopsided fruits. As the infection progresses, excessive fruit drop and dead branches are frequently observed, shortening the trees' lifespan and reducing fruit yield and quality. HLB occurrence is restricted to the States of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná, which corresponds to more than 85% of citrus production in Brazil. Although citrus production is concentrated in these states, commercial citrus groves are present in 85% of the microregions of Brazil, reinforcing the economic and social importance of citrus for the country. Thus, in addition to the economic damage already caused to the national citrus industry, the spread of HLB to other regions of Brazil represents a great risk to the economic and food security of these non-affected regions. For this reason, the management of HLB is supported by legislative force, both at the federal and state levels. In 2008, based on scientific knowledge at the time, the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture published a Normative Instruction 53 (IN53) which established criteria related to HLB surveillance and control, imposing the obligation to carry out periodic phytosanitary inspections, eradication of symptomatic hosts and planting HLB-free nursery trees. The implementation of IN53 has already resulted in the eradication of 55.5 million HLB-infected citrus plants in the State of São Paulo alone in the period from 2007 to 2019. In May 2021, IN53 was revoked and Portaria 317 was published. This new policy establishes the National Programme for HLB Prevention and Control. It addresses the problem according to the HLB status in each State, with or without the disease, and sets the general guidelines for local control actions. In view of the economic importance and complexity of this pathosystem, the disease has required concerted mobilization of the research community and inter-institutional cooperation, which has been working intensively to understand all the components directly and indirectly involved with the pathosystem. Also, a major cooperation effort is needed to gather all the information to develop and/or improve technologies and cultural practices to fight the disease better and reduce its impacts as much as possible. Here we present some of these efforts which are being carried out to develop short, medium and long term solutions for HLB control and management in areas of occurrence, as well as for surveillance and risk mitigation in non-affected areas.},
keywords = {CITRUS GREENING, CONTROL, DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, epidemiology, VECTORS},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Recorded in Brazil since 2004, Huanglongbing (HLB), or simply Greening, is the most impacting disease in citrus production worldwide. It induces qualitative and quantitative losses in production, but also can be lethal to the infected citrus plant. The disease is caused by phloem-limited bacteria with three identified species, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), Ca. L. africanus (CLaf), and Ca. L. americanus (CLam). CLas and CLam are reported in Brazil, being vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri. HLB-infected citrus exhibit blotchy mottling with green islands on leaves, and small and lopsided fruits. As the infection progresses, excessive fruit drop and dead branches are frequently observed, shortening the trees' lifespan and reducing fruit yield and quality. HLB occurrence is restricted to the States of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná, which corresponds to more than 85% of citrus production in Brazil. Although citrus production is concentrated in these states, commercial citrus groves are present in 85% of the microregions of Brazil, reinforcing the economic and social importance of citrus for the country. Thus, in addition to the economic damage already caused to the national citrus industry, the spread of HLB to other regions of Brazil represents a great risk to the economic and food security of these non-affected regions. For this reason, the management of HLB is supported by legislative force, both at the federal and state levels. In 2008, based on scientific knowledge at the time, the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture published a Normative Instruction 53 (IN53) which established criteria related to HLB surveillance and control, imposing the obligation to carry out periodic phytosanitary inspections, eradication of symptomatic hosts and planting HLB-free nursery trees. The implementation of IN53 has already resulted in the eradication of 55.5 million HLB-infected citrus plants in the State of São Paulo alone in the period from 2007 to 2019. In May 2021, IN53 was revoked and Portaria 317 was published. This new policy establishes the National Programme for HLB Prevention and Control. It addresses the problem according to the HLB status in each State, with or without the disease, and sets the general guidelines for local control actions. In view of the economic importance and complexity of this pathosystem, the disease has required concerted mobilization of the research community and inter-institutional cooperation, which has been working intensively to understand all the components directly and indirectly involved with the pathosystem. Also, a major cooperation effort is needed to gather all the information to develop and/or improve technologies and cultural practices to fight the disease better and reduce its impacts as much as possible. Here we present some of these efforts which are being carried out to develop short, medium and long term solutions for HLB control and management in areas of occurrence, as well as for surveillance and risk mitigation in non-affected areas.
Pacheco, Camilla Andrade; Moreira, Alécio Souza; Girardi, Eduardo Augusto; Bassanezi, Renato Beozzo; Stuchi, Eduardo Sanches
Tree growth, production and huanglongbing incidence of sweet orange varieties using different nursery tree standards Journal Article
Em: Scientia Horticulturae, vol. 284, pp. 110023, 2021, ISSN: 0304-4238.
Resumo | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Candidatus Liberibacter spp., CITRUS GREENING, Citrus spp., propagation, Resetting, Survival analysis
@article{Pacheco2021,
title = {Tree growth, production and huanglongbing incidence of sweet orange varieties using different nursery tree standards},
author = {Camilla Andrade Pacheco and Alécio Souza Moreira and Eduardo Augusto Girardi and Renato Beozzo Bassanezi and Eduardo Sanches Stuchi},
doi = {10.1016/J.SCIENTA.2021.110023},
issn = {0304-4238},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Scientia Horticulturae},
volume = {284},
pages = {110023},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Insect-proof propagation of citrus is recommended to prevent vector-transmitted pathogens such as Candidatus Liberibacter spp. and Xylella fastidiosa. Although larger nursery trees were related to a superior post-planting performance in other perennial crops, there are few studies on citrus. This fact motivated us to evaluate the tree growth, the fruit production, and the huanglongbing (HLB) incidence of four commercial sweet orange varieties (‘Valencia Late’, ‘Hamlin’, ‘Pera’ and ‘Folha Murcha’) using two nursery tree standards (young whip and large headed trees). Eight years after planting, the tree size was similar between the evaluated treatments, especially for more vigorous varieties. However, large headed trees anticipated and increased the cumulative production by 30 % in average, which can improve the performance of reset trees in particular. Regardless the nursery tree standard and sweet orange variety, the cumulative incidence of HLB was relatively high over eight years. Therefore, a strict control of the vector should be reinforced in the field irrespectively of these factors.},
keywords = {Candidatus Liberibacter spp., CITRUS GREENING, Citrus spp., propagation, Resetting, Survival analysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Insect-proof propagation of citrus is recommended to prevent vector-transmitted pathogens such as Candidatus Liberibacter spp. and Xylella fastidiosa. Although larger nursery trees were related to a superior post-planting performance in other perennial crops, there are few studies on citrus. This fact motivated us to evaluate the tree growth, the fruit production, and the huanglongbing (HLB) incidence of four commercial sweet orange varieties (‘Valencia Late’, ‘Hamlin’, ‘Pera’ and ‘Folha Murcha’) using two nursery tree standards (young whip and large headed trees). Eight years after planting, the tree size was similar between the evaluated treatments, especially for more vigorous varieties. However, large headed trees anticipated and increased the cumulative production by 30 % in average, which can improve the performance of reset trees in particular. Regardless the nursery tree standard and sweet orange variety, the cumulative incidence of HLB was relatively high over eight years. Therefore, a strict control of the vector should be reinforced in the field irrespectively of these factors.
2020
Mattos-Jr, Dirceu; Kadyampakeni, Davie M.; Silva, Jefferson Rangel; Vashisth, Tripti; Boaretto, Rodrigo Marcelli
Reciprocal effects of huanglongbing infection and nutritional status of citrus trees: a review Journal Article
Em: Tropical Plant Pathology, vol. 45, iss. 6, pp. 586-596, 2020, ISSN: 19832052.
Resumo | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Candidatus Liberibacter, CITRUS GREENING, fertilizer use, Mineral nutrients, Nutrient management, Sustainability
@article{nokey,
title = {Reciprocal effects of huanglongbing infection and nutritional status of citrus trees: a review},
author = {Dirceu Mattos-Jr and Davie M. Kadyampakeni and Jefferson Rangel Silva and Tripti Vashisth and Rodrigo Marcelli Boaretto},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40858-020-00389-y},
doi = {10.1007/S40858-020-00389-Y/METRICS},
issn = {19832052},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Tropical Plant Pathology},
volume = {45},
issue = {6},
pages = {586-596},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
abstract = {In the past 15 years, the global citrus industry has experienced significant losses in the fruit production, largely due to the huanglongbing (HLB). This bacterial disease impairs water and nutrient uptake by roots causing nutritional disorders and, reciprocally, metabolic imbalances associated to oxidative stress and carbohydrate distribution in trees. The sustainability of optimum yield and fruit quality of citrus are achieved by growing canopy and rootstock varieties with superior horticultural characteristics in well-established orchards, which relies on efficient irrigation and/or fertilization, as well crop protection. Then, attention to enhanced nutrient supply increased significantly in commercial groves. In order to better understand the pathological processes, this review discusses recent scientific advances and major findings in most citrus-producing regions of the world, critically analyzing nutrient management practices as a component of an intricate strategy to maintain tree health, fruit yield, and quality. Moreover, we consider the role of balanced and constant nutrition of citrus trees to sustain citrus production under endemic HLB or non-HLB conditions.},
keywords = {Candidatus Liberibacter, CITRUS GREENING, fertilizer use, Mineral nutrients, Nutrient management, Sustainability},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the past 15 years, the global citrus industry has experienced significant losses in the fruit production, largely due to the huanglongbing (HLB). This bacterial disease impairs water and nutrient uptake by roots causing nutritional disorders and, reciprocally, metabolic imbalances associated to oxidative stress and carbohydrate distribution in trees. The sustainability of optimum yield and fruit quality of citrus are achieved by growing canopy and rootstock varieties with superior horticultural characteristics in well-established orchards, which relies on efficient irrigation and/or fertilization, as well crop protection. Then, attention to enhanced nutrient supply increased significantly in commercial groves. In order to better understand the pathological processes, this review discusses recent scientific advances and major findings in most citrus-producing regions of the world, critically analyzing nutrient management practices as a component of an intricate strategy to maintain tree health, fruit yield, and quality. Moreover, we consider the role of balanced and constant nutrition of citrus trees to sustain citrus production under endemic HLB or non-HLB conditions.
Mattos-Jr, Dirceu; Kadyampakeni, Davie M.; Silva, Jefferson Rangel; Vashisth, Tripti; Boaretto, Rodrigo Marcelli
Reciprocal effects of huanglongbing infection and nutritional status of citrus trees: a review Journal Article
Em: Tropical Plant Pathology, vol. 45, iss. 6, pp. 586-596, 2020, ISSN: 19832052.
Resumo | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Candidatus Liberibacter, CITRUS GREENING, fertilizer use, Mineral nutrients, Nutrient management, Sustainability
@article{nokey,
title = {Reciprocal effects of huanglongbing infection and nutritional status of citrus trees: a review},
author = {Dirceu Mattos-Jr and Davie M. Kadyampakeni and Jefferson Rangel Silva and Tripti Vashisth and Rodrigo Marcelli Boaretto},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40858-020-00389-y},
doi = {10.1007/S40858-020-00389-Y/METRICS},
issn = {19832052},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Tropical Plant Pathology},
volume = {45},
issue = {6},
pages = {586-596},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
abstract = {In the past 15 years, the global citrus industry has experienced significant losses in the fruit production, largely due to the huanglongbing (HLB). This bacterial disease impairs water and nutrient uptake by roots causing nutritional disorders and, reciprocally, metabolic imbalances associated to oxidative stress and carbohydrate distribution in trees. The sustainability of optimum yield and fruit quality of citrus are achieved by growing canopy and rootstock varieties with superior horticultural characteristics in well-established orchards, which relies on efficient irrigation and/or fertilization, as well crop protection. Then, attention to enhanced nutrient supply increased significantly in commercial groves. In order to better understand the pathological processes, this review discusses recent scientific advances and major findings in most citrus-producing regions of the world, critically analyzing nutrient management practices as a component of an intricate strategy to maintain tree health, fruit yield, and quality. Moreover, we consider the role of balanced and constant nutrition of citrus trees to sustain citrus production under endemic HLB or non-HLB conditions.},
keywords = {Candidatus Liberibacter, CITRUS GREENING, fertilizer use, Mineral nutrients, Nutrient management, Sustainability},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the past 15 years, the global citrus industry has experienced significant losses in the fruit production, largely due to the huanglongbing (HLB). This bacterial disease impairs water and nutrient uptake by roots causing nutritional disorders and, reciprocally, metabolic imbalances associated to oxidative stress and carbohydrate distribution in trees. The sustainability of optimum yield and fruit quality of citrus are achieved by growing canopy and rootstock varieties with superior horticultural characteristics in well-established orchards, which relies on efficient irrigation and/or fertilization, as well crop protection. Then, attention to enhanced nutrient supply increased significantly in commercial groves. In order to better understand the pathological processes, this review discusses recent scientific advances and major findings in most citrus-producing regions of the world, critically analyzing nutrient management practices as a component of an intricate strategy to maintain tree health, fruit yield, and quality. Moreover, we consider the role of balanced and constant nutrition of citrus trees to sustain citrus production under endemic HLB or non-HLB conditions.