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2021
Silva, Adielle Rodrigues; Silva, Delmira Costa; Pinto, Kaliane Nascimento Santos; Filho, Hermes Peixoto Santos; Filho, Maurício Antônio Coelho; Filho, Walter Santos Soares; Ferreira, Cláudia Fortes; Gesteira, Abelmon Silva
Epigenetic responses to Phytophthora citrophthora gummosis in citrus Journal Article
In: Plant Science, vol. 313, pp. 111082, 2021, ISSN: 0168-9452.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Biotic stress, DNA methylation, Oomycetes, Plant immunity, rootstock
@article{nokey,
title = {Epigenetic responses to Phytophthora citrophthora gummosis in citrus},
author = {Adielle Rodrigues Silva and Delmira Costa Silva and Kaliane Nascimento Santos Pinto and Hermes Peixoto Santos Filho and Maurício Antônio Coelho Filho and Walter Santos Soares Filho and Cláudia Fortes Ferreira and Abelmon Silva Gesteira},
doi = {10.1016/J.PLANTSCI.2021.111082},
issn = {0168-9452},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Plant Science},
volume = {313},
pages = {111082},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Studies show that DNA methylation is associated with plant immunity but little is known as to how this epigenetic mechanism assists plants in adjusting their responses to biotic stress, especially when interacting with an hemibiotrophic pathogen such as citrus Phytophthora. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of scion-rootstock interaction on plant resistance to P. citrophthora infection and DNA methylation patterns in ‘Pera’ sweet orange and ‘Tahiti’ acid lime grafted onto ‘Rangpur’ lime and ‘Tropical’ sunki rootstocks reinoculated with P. citrophthora. Results showed that reinoculated plants of the ‘Pera’ sweet orange/‘Rangpur’ lime and ‘Tahiti’ acid lime/‘Tropical’ sunki combinations with more and less sensitive varieties to Phytophthora, presented smaller stem lesions and increased frequency of full methylation and hemimethylation rates, compared to inoculated plants. In contrast, ‘Tahiti’ acid lime/‘Rangpur’ lime, two highly sensitive varieties, and ‘Pera’/‘Tropical’ sunki, two much less sensitive varieties, showed high increases in the frequency of hemimethylation and non-methylation levels. Results suggest that in citrus, both the scion-rootstock interaction and DNA methylation affect the response to P. citrophthora infection. Reinoculated plants, depending on the combination, showed changes in intracellular hyphae growth through the formation of sets of fibers and crystal accumulation in the periderm, cortex, and phloem. In addition, starch grain concentration was higher in reinoculated plants in comparison to inoculated plants. These findings support the assumption that DNA methylation is a plant defense mechanism and therefore may be exploited to improve the response of plants to the gummosis of P. citrophthora in citrus.},
keywords = {Biotic stress, DNA methylation, Oomycetes, Plant immunity, rootstock},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Studies show that DNA methylation is associated with plant immunity but little is known as to how this epigenetic mechanism assists plants in adjusting their responses to biotic stress, especially when interacting with an hemibiotrophic pathogen such as citrus Phytophthora. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of scion-rootstock interaction on plant resistance to P. citrophthora infection and DNA methylation patterns in ‘Pera’ sweet orange and ‘Tahiti’ acid lime grafted onto ‘Rangpur’ lime and ‘Tropical’ sunki rootstocks reinoculated with P. citrophthora. Results showed that reinoculated plants of the ‘Pera’ sweet orange/‘Rangpur’ lime and ‘Tahiti’ acid lime/‘Tropical’ sunki combinations with more and less sensitive varieties to Phytophthora, presented smaller stem lesions and increased frequency of full methylation and hemimethylation rates, compared to inoculated plants. In contrast, ‘Tahiti’ acid lime/‘Rangpur’ lime, two highly sensitive varieties, and ‘Pera’/‘Tropical’ sunki, two much less sensitive varieties, showed high increases in the frequency of hemimethylation and non-methylation levels. Results suggest that in citrus, both the scion-rootstock interaction and DNA methylation affect the response to P. citrophthora infection. Reinoculated plants, depending on the combination, showed changes in intracellular hyphae growth through the formation of sets of fibers and crystal accumulation in the periderm, cortex, and phloem. In addition, starch grain concentration was higher in reinoculated plants in comparison to inoculated plants. These findings support the assumption that DNA methylation is a plant defense mechanism and therefore may be exploited to improve the response of plants to the gummosis of P. citrophthora in citrus.
Silva, Adielle Rodrigues; Silva, Delmira Costa; Pinto, Kaliane Nascimento Santos; Filho, Hermes Peixoto Santos; Filho, Maurício Antônio Coelho; Filho, Walter Santos Soares; Ferreira, Cláudia Fortes; Gesteira, Abelmon Silva
Epigenetic responses to Phytophthora citrophthora gummosis in citrus Journal Article
In: Plant Science, vol. 313, pp. 111082, 2021, ISSN: 0168-9452.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Biotic stress, DNA methylation, Oomycetes, Plant immunity, rootstock
@article{nokey,
title = {Epigenetic responses to Phytophthora citrophthora gummosis in citrus},
author = {Adielle Rodrigues Silva and Delmira Costa Silva and Kaliane Nascimento Santos Pinto and Hermes Peixoto Santos Filho and Maurício Antônio Coelho Filho and Walter Santos Soares Filho and Cláudia Fortes Ferreira and Abelmon Silva Gesteira},
doi = {10.1016/J.PLANTSCI.2021.111082},
issn = {0168-9452},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Plant Science},
volume = {313},
pages = {111082},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Studies show that DNA methylation is associated with plant immunity but little is known as to how this epigenetic mechanism assists plants in adjusting their responses to biotic stress, especially when interacting with an hemibiotrophic pathogen such as citrus Phytophthora. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of scion-rootstock interaction on plant resistance to P. citrophthora infection and DNA methylation patterns in ‘Pera’ sweet orange and ‘Tahiti’ acid lime grafted onto ‘Rangpur’ lime and ‘Tropical’ sunki rootstocks reinoculated with P. citrophthora. Results showed that reinoculated plants of the ‘Pera’ sweet orange/‘Rangpur’ lime and ‘Tahiti’ acid lime/‘Tropical’ sunki combinations with more and less sensitive varieties to Phytophthora, presented smaller stem lesions and increased frequency of full methylation and hemimethylation rates, compared to inoculated plants. In contrast, ‘Tahiti’ acid lime/‘Rangpur’ lime, two highly sensitive varieties, and ‘Pera’/‘Tropical’ sunki, two much less sensitive varieties, showed high increases in the frequency of hemimethylation and non-methylation levels. Results suggest that in citrus, both the scion-rootstock interaction and DNA methylation affect the response to P. citrophthora infection. Reinoculated plants, depending on the combination, showed changes in intracellular hyphae growth through the formation of sets of fibers and crystal accumulation in the periderm, cortex, and phloem. In addition, starch grain concentration was higher in reinoculated plants in comparison to inoculated plants. These findings support the assumption that DNA methylation is a plant defense mechanism and therefore may be exploited to improve the response of plants to the gummosis of P. citrophthora in citrus.},
keywords = {Biotic stress, DNA methylation, Oomycetes, Plant immunity, rootstock},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Studies show that DNA methylation is associated with plant immunity but little is known as to how this epigenetic mechanism assists plants in adjusting their responses to biotic stress, especially when interacting with an hemibiotrophic pathogen such as citrus Phytophthora. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of scion-rootstock interaction on plant resistance to P. citrophthora infection and DNA methylation patterns in ‘Pera’ sweet orange and ‘Tahiti’ acid lime grafted onto ‘Rangpur’ lime and ‘Tropical’ sunki rootstocks reinoculated with P. citrophthora. Results showed that reinoculated plants of the ‘Pera’ sweet orange/‘Rangpur’ lime and ‘Tahiti’ acid lime/‘Tropical’ sunki combinations with more and less sensitive varieties to Phytophthora, presented smaller stem lesions and increased frequency of full methylation and hemimethylation rates, compared to inoculated plants. In contrast, ‘Tahiti’ acid lime/‘Rangpur’ lime, two highly sensitive varieties, and ‘Pera’/‘Tropical’ sunki, two much less sensitive varieties, showed high increases in the frequency of hemimethylation and non-methylation levels. Results suggest that in citrus, both the scion-rootstock interaction and DNA methylation affect the response to P. citrophthora infection. Reinoculated plants, depending on the combination, showed changes in intracellular hyphae growth through the formation of sets of fibers and crystal accumulation in the periderm, cortex, and phloem. In addition, starch grain concentration was higher in reinoculated plants in comparison to inoculated plants. These findings support the assumption that DNA methylation is a plant defense mechanism and therefore may be exploited to improve the response of plants to the gummosis of P. citrophthora in citrus.
2019
Maximo, Heros J.; Dalio, Ronaldo J. D.; Dias, Renata O.; Litholdo, Celso G.; Felizatti, Henrique L.; Machado, Marcos A.
PpCRN7 and PpCRN20 of Phythophthora parasitica regulate plant cell death leading to enhancement of host susceptibility Journal Article
In: BMC Plant Biology, vol. 19, iss. 1, pp. 1-17, 2019, ISSN: 14712229.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Citrus, Crinkler effectors, Hemibiotrophic, Hypersensitivity response, Oomycetes, Virulence
@article{Maximo2019,
title = {PpCRN7 and PpCRN20 of Phythophthora parasitica regulate plant cell death leading to enhancement of host susceptibility},
author = {Heros J. Maximo and Ronaldo J. D. Dalio and Renata O. Dias and Celso G. Litholdo and Henrique L. Felizatti and Marcos A. Machado},
url = {https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-019-2129-8},
doi = {10.1186/S12870-019-2129-8/TABLES/1},
issn = {14712229},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {BMC Plant Biology},
volume = {19},
issue = {1},
pages = {1-17},
publisher = {BioMed Central Ltd.},
abstract = {Background: Phytophthora species secrete cytoplasmic effectors from a family named Crinkler (CRN), which are characterised by the presence of conserved specific domains in the N-and C-Terminal regions. P. parasitica causes disease in a wide range of host plants, however the role of CRN effectors in these interactions remains unclear. Here, we aimed to: (i) identify candidate CRN encoding genes in P. parasitica genomes; (ii) evaluate the transcriptional expression of PpCRN (Phytophthora parasitica Crinkler candidate) during the P. parasitica interaction with Citrus sunki (high susceptible) and Poncirus trifoliata (resistant); and (iii) functionally characterize two PpCRNs in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Results: Our in silico analyses identified 80 putative PpCRN effectors in the genome of P. parasitica isolate 'IAC 01/95.1'. Transcriptional analysis revealed differential gene expression of 20 PpCRN candidates during the interaction with the susceptible Citrus sunki and the resistant Poncirus trifoliata. We have also found that P. parasitica is able to recognize different citrus hosts and accordingly modulates PpCRNs expression. Additionally, two PpCRN effectors, namely PpCRN7 and PpCRN20, were further characterized via transient gene expression in N. benthamiana leaves. The elicitin INF-1-induced Hypersensitivity Response (HR) was increased by an additive effect driven by PpCRN7 expression, whereas PpCRN20 expression suppressed HR response in N. benthamiana leaves. Despite contrasting functions related to HR, both effectors increased the susceptibility of plants to P. parasitica. Conclusions: PpCRN7 and PpCRN20 have the ability to increase P. parasitica pathogenicity and may play important roles at different stages of infection. These PpCRN-Associated mechanisms are now targets of biotechnological studies aiming to break pathogen's virulence and to promote plant resistance.},
keywords = {Citrus, Crinkler effectors, Hemibiotrophic, Hypersensitivity response, Oomycetes, Virulence},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: Phytophthora species secrete cytoplasmic effectors from a family named Crinkler (CRN), which are characterised by the presence of conserved specific domains in the N-and C-Terminal regions. P. parasitica causes disease in a wide range of host plants, however the role of CRN effectors in these interactions remains unclear. Here, we aimed to: (i) identify candidate CRN encoding genes in P. parasitica genomes; (ii) evaluate the transcriptional expression of PpCRN (Phytophthora parasitica Crinkler candidate) during the P. parasitica interaction with Citrus sunki (high susceptible) and Poncirus trifoliata (resistant); and (iii) functionally characterize two PpCRNs in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Results: Our in silico analyses identified 80 putative PpCRN effectors in the genome of P. parasitica isolate 'IAC 01/95.1'. Transcriptional analysis revealed differential gene expression of 20 PpCRN candidates during the interaction with the susceptible Citrus sunki and the resistant Poncirus trifoliata. We have also found that P. parasitica is able to recognize different citrus hosts and accordingly modulates PpCRNs expression. Additionally, two PpCRN effectors, namely PpCRN7 and PpCRN20, were further characterized via transient gene expression in N. benthamiana leaves. The elicitin INF-1-induced Hypersensitivity Response (HR) was increased by an additive effect driven by PpCRN7 expression, whereas PpCRN20 expression suppressed HR response in N. benthamiana leaves. Despite contrasting functions related to HR, both effectors increased the susceptibility of plants to P. parasitica. Conclusions: PpCRN7 and PpCRN20 have the ability to increase P. parasitica pathogenicity and may play important roles at different stages of infection. These PpCRN-Associated mechanisms are now targets of biotechnological studies aiming to break pathogen's virulence and to promote plant resistance.
2017
Máximo, Heros J.; Dalio, Ronaldo J. D.; Rodrigues, Carolina M.; Breton, Michèle C.; Machado, Marcos A.
Reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Citrus and Poncirus infected by zoospores of Phytophthora parasitica Journal Article
In: Tropical Plant Pathology 2017 42:2, vol. 42, iss. 2, pp. 76-85, 2017, ISSN: 1983-2052.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Housekeeping genes, Molecular biology, Oomycetes, Plant Pathology
@article{nokey,
title = {Reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Citrus and Poncirus infected by zoospores of Phytophthora parasitica},
author = {Heros J. Máximo and Ronaldo J. D. Dalio and Carolina M. Rodrigues and Michèle C. Breton and Marcos A. Machado},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40858-017-0134-8},
doi = {10.1007/S40858-017-0134-8},
issn = {1983-2052},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Tropical Plant Pathology 2017 42:2},
volume = {42},
issue = {2},
pages = {76-85},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {Phytophthora species are highly destructive phytopathogens, associated with massive damage in natural ecosystems and agriculture. Citrus production is also affected, mainly by the hemibiothrophic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica, which causes root rot and gummosis. Poncirus trifoliata and Citrus sunki (two rootstocks widely used in citrus orchards) pose a resistance and a susceptible interaction with P. parasitica, respectively, which makes them suitable models to study plant defense mechanisms. Gene expression analysis is a very important tool in this type of study, in particular PCR (RT-qPCR). Hence, it is crucial to use appropriate reference genes for expression normalization. Our aim was to evaluate the stability of several candidate reference genes to determine which set is best suited for normalization in citrus infected with P. parasitica. We evaluated five candidate reference genes selected from the database CitEST. GeNorm and NormFinder algorithms were used to assess the best reference genes. We found that the more stable genes to be used for RT-qPCR analysis in P. trifoliata plants were GAPC2 and F-BOX, while EGIDH and GAPC2 were more suitable to C. sunki. These four genes were found to be excellent normalizers, being stable throughout the infection regardless of pathogen attack or symptom development.},
keywords = {Housekeeping genes, Molecular biology, Oomycetes, Plant Pathology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Phytophthora species are highly destructive phytopathogens, associated with massive damage in natural ecosystems and agriculture. Citrus production is also affected, mainly by the hemibiothrophic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica, which causes root rot and gummosis. Poncirus trifoliata and Citrus sunki (two rootstocks widely used in citrus orchards) pose a resistance and a susceptible interaction with P. parasitica, respectively, which makes them suitable models to study plant defense mechanisms. Gene expression analysis is a very important tool in this type of study, in particular PCR (RT-qPCR). Hence, it is crucial to use appropriate reference genes for expression normalization. Our aim was to evaluate the stability of several candidate reference genes to determine which set is best suited for normalization in citrus infected with P. parasitica. We evaluated five candidate reference genes selected from the database CitEST. GeNorm and NormFinder algorithms were used to assess the best reference genes. We found that the more stable genes to be used for RT-qPCR analysis in P. trifoliata plants were GAPC2 and F-BOX, while EGIDH and GAPC2 were more suitable to C. sunki. These four genes were found to be excellent normalizers, being stable throughout the infection regardless of pathogen attack or symptom development.
Máximo, Heros J.; Dalio, Ronaldo J. D.; Rodrigues, Carolina M.; Breton, Michèle C.; Machado, Marcos A.
Reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Citrus and Poncirus infected by zoospores of Phytophthora parasitica Journal Article
In: Tropical Plant Pathology 2017 42:2, vol. 42, iss. 2, pp. 76-85, 2017, ISSN: 1983-2052.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Housekeeping genes, Molecular biology, Oomycetes, Plant Pathology
@article{nokey,
title = {Reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Citrus and Poncirus infected by zoospores of Phytophthora parasitica},
author = {Heros J. Máximo and Ronaldo J. D. Dalio and Carolina M. Rodrigues and Michèle C. Breton and Marcos A. Machado},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40858-017-0134-8},
doi = {10.1007/S40858-017-0134-8},
issn = {1983-2052},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Tropical Plant Pathology 2017 42:2},
volume = {42},
issue = {2},
pages = {76-85},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {Phytophthora species are highly destructive phytopathogens, associated with massive damage in natural ecosystems and agriculture. Citrus production is also affected, mainly by the hemibiothrophic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica, which causes root rot and gummosis. Poncirus trifoliata and Citrus sunki (two rootstocks widely used in citrus orchards) pose a resistance and a susceptible interaction with P. parasitica, respectively, which makes them suitable models to study plant defense mechanisms. Gene expression analysis is a very important tool in this type of study, in particular PCR (RT-qPCR). Hence, it is crucial to use appropriate reference genes for expression normalization. Our aim was to evaluate the stability of several candidate reference genes to determine which set is best suited for normalization in citrus infected with P. parasitica. We evaluated five candidate reference genes selected from the database CitEST. GeNorm and NormFinder algorithms were used to assess the best reference genes. We found that the more stable genes to be used for RT-qPCR analysis in P. trifoliata plants were GAPC2 and F-BOX, while EGIDH and GAPC2 were more suitable to C. sunki. These four genes were found to be excellent normalizers, being stable throughout the infection regardless of pathogen attack or symptom development.},
keywords = {Housekeeping genes, Molecular biology, Oomycetes, Plant Pathology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Phytophthora species are highly destructive phytopathogens, associated with massive damage in natural ecosystems and agriculture. Citrus production is also affected, mainly by the hemibiothrophic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica, which causes root rot and gummosis. Poncirus trifoliata and Citrus sunki (two rootstocks widely used in citrus orchards) pose a resistance and a susceptible interaction with P. parasitica, respectively, which makes them suitable models to study plant defense mechanisms. Gene expression analysis is a very important tool in this type of study, in particular PCR (RT-qPCR). Hence, it is crucial to use appropriate reference genes for expression normalization. Our aim was to evaluate the stability of several candidate reference genes to determine which set is best suited for normalization in citrus infected with P. parasitica. We evaluated five candidate reference genes selected from the database CitEST. GeNorm and NormFinder algorithms were used to assess the best reference genes. We found that the more stable genes to be used for RT-qPCR analysis in P. trifoliata plants were GAPC2 and F-BOX, while EGIDH and GAPC2 were more suitable to C. sunki. These four genes were found to be excellent normalizers, being stable throughout the infection regardless of pathogen attack or symptom development.
Máximo, Heros J.; Dalio, Ronaldo J. D.; Rodrigues, Carolina M.; Breton, Michèle C.; Machado, Marcos A.
Reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Citrus and Poncirus infected by zoospores of Phytophthora parasitica Journal Article
In: Tropical Plant Pathology 2017 42:2, vol. 42, iss. 2, pp. 76-85, 2017, ISSN: 1983-2052.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Housekeeping genes, Molecular biology, Oomycetes, Plant Pathology
@article{nokey,
title = {Reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Citrus and Poncirus infected by zoospores of Phytophthora parasitica},
author = {Heros J. Máximo and Ronaldo J. D. Dalio and Carolina M. Rodrigues and Michèle C. Breton and Marcos A. Machado},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40858-017-0134-8},
doi = {10.1007/S40858-017-0134-8},
issn = {1983-2052},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Tropical Plant Pathology 2017 42:2},
volume = {42},
issue = {2},
pages = {76-85},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {Phytophthora species are highly destructive phytopathogens, associated with massive damage in natural ecosystems and agriculture. Citrus production is also affected, mainly by the hemibiothrophic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica, which causes root rot and gummosis. Poncirus trifoliata and Citrus sunki (two rootstocks widely used in citrus orchards) pose a resistance and a susceptible interaction with P. parasitica, respectively, which makes them suitable models to study plant defense mechanisms. Gene expression analysis is a very important tool in this type of study, in particular PCR (RT-qPCR). Hence, it is crucial to use appropriate reference genes for expression normalization. Our aim was to evaluate the stability of several candidate reference genes to determine which set is best suited for normalization in citrus infected with P. parasitica. We evaluated five candidate reference genes selected from the database CitEST. GeNorm and NormFinder algorithms were used to assess the best reference genes. We found that the more stable genes to be used for RT-qPCR analysis in P. trifoliata plants were GAPC2 and F-BOX, while EGIDH and GAPC2 were more suitable to C. sunki. These four genes were found to be excellent normalizers, being stable throughout the infection regardless of pathogen attack or symptom development.},
keywords = {Housekeeping genes, Molecular biology, Oomycetes, Plant Pathology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Phytophthora species are highly destructive phytopathogens, associated with massive damage in natural ecosystems and agriculture. Citrus production is also affected, mainly by the hemibiothrophic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica, which causes root rot and gummosis. Poncirus trifoliata and Citrus sunki (two rootstocks widely used in citrus orchards) pose a resistance and a susceptible interaction with P. parasitica, respectively, which makes them suitable models to study plant defense mechanisms. Gene expression analysis is a very important tool in this type of study, in particular PCR (RT-qPCR). Hence, it is crucial to use appropriate reference genes for expression normalization. Our aim was to evaluate the stability of several candidate reference genes to determine which set is best suited for normalization in citrus infected with P. parasitica. We evaluated five candidate reference genes selected from the database CitEST. GeNorm and NormFinder algorithms were used to assess the best reference genes. We found that the more stable genes to be used for RT-qPCR analysis in P. trifoliata plants were GAPC2 and F-BOX, while EGIDH and GAPC2 were more suitable to C. sunki. These four genes were found to be excellent normalizers, being stable throughout the infection regardless of pathogen attack or symptom development.